例如: create table (id int not null auto_increment primary key,name char(16) not null default "jack",date_year date not null);
16.删除数据表中数据:
delete from table_name;
例如:
delete from bbs;
delete from bbs where id=2;
17.删除数据库中的数据表:
drop table table_name;
例如:
drop table test_db;
rm -f database_name/table_name.* #(linux 环境下)
例如:
rm -rf bbs/accp.*
18.向数据库中添加数据:
insert into table_name set column_name1=value1,column_name2=value2;
例如: insert into bbs set name="jack",date_year="1993-10-01";
insert into table_name values (column1,column2,...);
例如: insert into bbs ("2","jack","1993-10-02")
insert into table_name (column_name1,column_name2,...) values (value1,value2);
例如: insert into bbs (name,data_year) values ("jack","1993-10-01");
19.查询数据表中的数据:
select * from table_name;
例如: select * from bbs where id=1;
20.修改数据表中的数据:
update table_name set col_name=new_value where id=1;
例如: update bbs set name="tom" where name="jack";
21.增加一个字段:
alter table table_name add column field_name datatype not null default "1";
例如: alter table bbs add column tel char(16) not null;
22.增加多个字段:(column可省略不写)
alter table table_name add column filed_name1 datatype,add column filed_name2 datatype;
例如: alter table bbs add column tel char(16) not null,add column address text;
23.删除一个字段:
alter table table_name drop field_name;
例如: alter table bbs drop tel;
24.修改字段的数据类型:
alter table table_name modify id int unsigned; //修改列id的类型为int unsigned
alter table table_name change id sid int unsigned; //修改列id的名字为sid,而且把属性修改为int unsigned
25.修改一个字段的默认值:
alter table table_name modify column_name datatype not null default "";
例如: alter table test_db modify name char(16) default not null "yourname";
26.对表重新命名:
alter table table_name rename as new_table_name;
例如: alter table bbs rename as bbs_table;
rename table old_table_name to new_table_name;
例如: rename table test_db to accp;
27.从已经有的表中复制表的结构:
create table table2 select * from table1 where 1<>1;
例如: create table test_db select * from accp where 1<>1;
28.查询时间:
select now();
29.查询当前用户:
select user();
30.查询数据库版本:
select version();
31.创建索引:
alter table table1 add index ind_id(id);
create index ind_id on table1(id);
create unique index ind_id on table1(id);//建立唯一性索引
32.删除索引:
drop index idx_id on table1;
alter table table1 drop index ind_id;
33.联合字符或者多个列(将id与":"和列name和"="连接)
select concat(id,':',name,'=') from table;
34.limit(选出10到20条)
select * from bbs order by id limit 9,10;
35.增加一个管理员账号:
grant all on *.* to user@localhost identified by "password";
36.创建表是先判断表是否存在
create table if not exists students(……);
37.复制表:
create table table2 select * from table1;
例如: create table test_db select * from accp;
38.授于用户远程访问mysql的权限
grant all privileges on *.* to "root"@"%" identified by "password" with grant option;
或者是修改mysql数据库中的user表中的host字段
use mysql;
select user,host from user;
update user set host="%" where user="user_name";
39.查看当前状态
show status;
40.查看当前连接的用户
show processlist;
常用函数
ifnull
ifnull(oracle, nvl) #如果 oracle 字段为 null , 设置为 nvl
如 select ifnull(b,0) from c;
sum(...) over( ) 对所有行求和
sum(...) over( order by ... )
sum(...) over( partition by... order by ... )
数据占的百分: percent_rank() over(partition by init_date,interval_type order by drawdown)
时间比较
转成时间戳
unix_timestamp(time1) 将字符型的时间,转成unix时间戳
格式化
Date(time1) 将 datetime 转成 date
MONTH(time1)
Year(time1)
Month(time1)
哪一天
DAYOFWEEK(time1) , WEEKDAY(time1) 0 = 星期一
DAYOFMONTH(time1)
DAYOFYEAR(time1)
DAYNAME(time1) , MONTHNAME(time1)
季度
QUARTER(time1)
日期比较
><= 如 SELECT NOW() > '2019-09-21 15:59:59';
between ... and ... 如 SELECT NOW() BETWEEN '2019-09-21 15:59:59' AND '2019-10-21 15:59:59' AS res;